Mukugadzira michina, indasitiri yemotokari, nechikamu chemidziyo inorema, kusarudzwa kwesimbi kunokanganisa mafambisirwo echigadzirwa, hupenyu, uye kuchengetedzeka. 42Cr ne42CrMo simbi mbiri dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya-zvinorapika. Kunyangwe mazita avo akafanana, misiyano yezvinhu zvakakosha zvealloying inokonzeresa misiyano yakakura mukuita uye mamiriro ekushandisa.
I. Basic Chemical Composition: Basa Rakakosha reMolybdenum
42Cr isimbi yepakati{{1}kabhoni chromium alloy kupisa-simbi inorapika. Mamiriro ayo emakemikari anowanikwa ndeaya: kabhoni (C) 0.38%-0.45%, chromium (Cr) 0.90% -1.20%, uye inewo mashoma esilicon, manganese, nezvimwewo. Kuwedzerwa kwechromium kunonyanya kunatsiridza kuoma-kugona, simba, uye kumwe kushora kwesimbi.
42CrMo, nerumwe rutivi, inowedzera kiyi ye alloying element-molybdenum (Mo)-ku 42Cr, ine zviri pakati pe0.15% ne0.25%. Iyi yekuwedzera inoita seidiki inounza kusvetuka kwehunhu mukuita kwezvinhu.
Basa guru re molybdenum ndeiyi:
1. Kugona kusimbaradza zvakanyanya{1}}Molybdenum inonokesa zvakanyanya shanduko yeausterity kune pear lite uye urbanite, ichibvumira zvikamu zvakakora zvezvikamu kuwana yunifomu martensite chimiro panguva yekudzima, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chekuomarara.
2. Kudzvinyirirwa kwehasha brittleness:Chromium simbi inokonzeresa kusimba kusingadzoreki kana yatonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekupisa muzvikamu zviviri zvetembiricha: 250-400 dhigirii uye 450-650 dhigirii, kureva, kushatirwa. Molybdenum ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kushanda mukudzvinyirira ichi (kunyanya rudzi rwechipiri rwekupisa-kupisa brittleness).
3. Kunatswa kwezviyo, kuvandudza simba uye kuoma.
Naizvozvo, chaizvo, 42CrMo ndeyeyepamusoro giredhi yealloy structural simbi.
II. Kuenzanisa kweMechanical Properties uye Heat Treatment Response
Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe molybdenum, 42CrMo inoratidza huwandu hwepamusoro hwemagetsi zvivakwa zvichienzaniswa ne42Cr pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekupisa kupisa.
Simba uye Kuoma:Mushure mekurapwa kwekupisa (kudzima + -kudziya kwepamusoro), simba rekusimba re42Cr rinowanzoita 980-1180 MPa, uye simba regoho rinopfuura kana kuenzana ne835 MPa. Simba rekusimba re42CrMo rinogona kusvika 1080-1380 MPa, uye simba regoho Rakakura kupfuura kana kuenzana ne930 MPa, inomiririra kuwedzera kwesimba kweanenge 10% -20%.
Kuoma:Uyu ndiwo mumwe wemisiyano yakakosha pakati pezviviri izvi. Pamwero wesimba rakafanana, kusimba kwesimba (AKU kukosha) kwe42CrMo kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kwe42Cr, kunyanya muzvikamu zvakakura-kana painodiwa kuvimbika kwakanyanya. Molybdenum inonyatso kudzvanyirira hasha brittleness, ichibvumira 42CrMo kudzikiswa pane tembiricha yepamusoro kuti iwane kuomarara pasina kunetseka nekurasikirwa kwesimba rakawandisa.
Kuomesa-kugona:Iyo yakaoma-dhayamita ye42CrMo (yakakosha dhayamita iyo 50% martensite inogona kuwanikwa mukati) yakakura kupfuura iyo ye42Cr. Semuyenzaniso, pasi pemamiriro ekudzima oiri, kuomarara kunoita-dhayamita ye42Cr inokwana 20-30mm, ukuwo ye42CrMo inogona kusvika 40-60mm kana kutokwira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana uchigadzira hukuru-hukuru, hunorema-basa zvikamu, 42CrMo inogona kuona kuenderana kuita pakati pepakati nepamusoro.
Hwindo reKurapa Kupisa:Iyo yekupisa kurapwa maitiro e42CrMo yakakura uye iri nyore kudzora. Iyo ine yakakura yekudzima tembiricha siyana uye haina hanya nekutonhodza kumhanya, ichideredza njodzi yekudzima makatsemuka. Kukurumidza kana kunonoka kutonhora mushure mekupisa-kwepamusoro hakuna zvazvinoita pakuoma kwayo, zvichikonzera kushivirira kwakanyanya.
III. Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzakajairika
Zvishandiso zve42Cr:
Inokodzera kugadzira maparts ane mitoro iri pakati nepakati, madiki anoyambuka-zvikamu, uye zvisiri{1}}zvakanyanya kuomarara zvinodiwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira: shafts, magiya, uye piston rods zvemichina zvishandiso; masimbi ekubatanidza, hafu-mashafi, uye mapiko ekufambisa emotokari; uye{4}zvinamiso nemapini zvakajairika. Kudhura kwayo-kugona kushanda kunoita kuti ive chinhu chinodiwa pazvikamu zvakawanda.
Zvishandiso zve42CrMo:
Yakagadzirwa zvakanangana nezvikamu zvakakosha zvinoda kuremerwa, michinjika mikuru-zvikamu, uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya. Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvinosanganisira: dhiraivha shafts, gearbox magiya, uye dhiraivha maekisi emotokari dzinorema; drill pombi majoini uye maturusi hove pakuchera mafuta; main shafts uye gearbox zvikamu zvemhepo magetsi emidziyo; crankshafts uye matanda ekubatanidza emidziyo mikuru yekugadzira; uye-mabhaudhi esimba akakwirira (giredhi rekushanda 10.9 zvichikwira). Muzvishandiso zvinoda kuramba kukanganiswa kwakasimba, kuneta mitoro, kana hutsinye hwekushanda nharaunda, 42CrMo isarudzo yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika.
Muchidimbu, 42Cr uye 42CrMo inomiririra zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirongwa zvekushanda zvinodiwa. 42Cr ndiyo "workhorse" inodhura uye inoshanda, inosangana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvido zvepakati; nepo 42CrMo iri "special forces" yekuita mabasa akaoma, akagadzirirwa kugadzirisa zvakanyanya mamiriro ekushanda anosanganisira mitoro inorema, hukuru hukuru, uye kuvimbika kwepamusoro, nekuda kwekuoma kwepamusoro-kugona uye pamwe chete kusimba uye kusimba kunopihwa nemolybdenum. Pakusarudza zvekushandisa, mainjiniya anofanirwa kupfuura "kusimba" kwekuenzanisa uye kuongorora kubva kune yakazara mativi sekushushikana kwechikamu musevhisi, kuyambuka-zvikamu zvezvikamu, zvinokonzeresa kutadza, uye nemutengo wakazara wekutenderera kwehupenyu, kuitira kuita yakanyanya kunaka, yakachengetedzeka, uye ine hupfumi sarudzo yehunyanzvi. Mukutsvaga kwepamusoro-zvekushandisa uye zvekushandisa zvinovimbika, kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kushandiswa kwakarurama kwe-zvekushandisa kwepamusoro se42CrMo yave imwe yemakiyi ekusimudzira kukwikwidza.
